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Evaluation of runoff formation in catchment using stable isotopes 2H and 18O and water temperature
Hojovec, Daniel ; Vlček, Lukáš (advisor) ; Jeníček, Michal (referee)
The evaluation of the water regime of the springs, or the total runoff in small mountain catchments, is an important aspect in this work for understanding the functioning of the catchment from the point of view of the precipitation-runoff process, and above all for the verification or refutation of the various methods used to evaluate the runoff of the mountain catchment. For the stated purposes, between 2018 and 2020, repeated sampling was carried out from water courses, soil (shallow wells) and precipitation in the Rokytka catchment area. From the obtained data, the ratio of stable isotopes 2 H and 18 O was subsequently determined in the laboratory. We also worked with the data of stable isotopes 2H and 18O provided by the Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology of the Faculty of Natural Sciences of Charles University for the period 2014-2018. All data, together with hydro-meteorological data, were subjected to various analyzes and methods with the aim of evaluating the runoff. The core method of this work was hydrogram separation using a mixing equation working with stable 2 H isotopes and water temperature for 6 events. On the basis of the performed analyzes and hydrographic separations, it was found that the water in the Rokytka přítok during significant rainfall-runoff events is...
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Runoff from a mainly peat bog basin
Vlček, Lukáš ; Falátková, Kristýna
This research focuses on the basin's hydrological regime, where peatlands make up approximately half of the area. Hydrological processes in the peat bog and the surrounding forest were evaluated using the HBV model. The results show that the peatlands significantly increase the water regime fluctuation of local streams. Moreover, water balance shows a lower cooling effect of tree-less peat bogs than forests on organo-mineral soils. Except for a positive ecological aspect, peatland restoration can have a negative hydrological impact on the surrounding landscape and local streams.
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Formování odtoku v revitalizované podhorské pramenné oblasti v Senotíně
Tesař, Miroslav ; Syrovátka, O. ; Lichner, Ľ.
The purpose of the Senotín pilot project (1993–2000) was to determine methods of revitalisation of a sub-mountain headwater area (0.38 km2) in the Novobystřická Vysočina Highlands (610–725 m a. s. l.). Seven underground clay shields stopped pipe drainage, and four balks prevented surface and subsurface runoff. These adaptations improved the water retention capacity of the whole catchment, as demonstrated by the formation of runoff in the revitalised area. A typical rainstorm (amount 15 mm, duration 5.6 hours, max. intensity 1.8 mm/20 minutes) and consequent runoff was analysed, along with the role of soil in runoff retardation and water retention. The time course of the contributing area was also quantified. The contributing area was formed in the surface soil layer with a thickness of about 40 cm. Runoff retardation lasted two hours after the rain began. Retention reached 98% of the total rainfall. Runoff lasted for 85 hours.
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The rainfall-runoff formation from a small catchment
Tesař, Miroslav ; Šír, Miloslav ; Syrovátka, Oldřich ; Bayer, T. ; Eliáš, Václav
We dedicate this contribution to the question how the relation of outflow of water from the soil into the transport collector determined by hydropedological methods bears with the discharge at the closure profile of a small forest catchment in the course of a vegetation season. In connection with this phenomena we investigate how much is such catchment homogenous. The monitored catchments Liz and Albrechtec are sloping, their geological subsoil is formed of impermeable bottom and they don't contain significant parts with ground water level. The soil cover is composed of several horizons with different aquifer properties, but the precipitated water largely infiltrates downwards the soil, so that a surface and subsurface runoff angle wise downhill to the watercourse is a very rare phenomena which appears at catastrophic rains only. The forest stand is represented by spruce. The both catchments are located in the elevation from 700 to 1000 m a.s.l. in the mountain region of Šumava.
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